History of Modern Telangana explores the past of India's youngest state. It traces Telangana's history from the establishment of the Asaf Jahi reign in the eighteenth century till the formation of the state of Telangana in June 2014, and deals primarily with the socio-economic and political developments that took place in the region during this period. The region called Telangana has, for centuries, had a distinct culture and a history of its own. Moving away from the dynastic perspective usually used in conventional history writing on the erstwhile Hyderabad State, this volume studies the social and economic conditions that led to this distinct identity. It also explores the unique political and administrative structures of the Nizam's era and the changes brought about through British influence during the colonial period. These political processes and structures were further shaped by the various people's movements that occurred in the region in the first half of the twentieth century. These movements, coupled with the political developments taking place in the rest of India, resulted in the end of the Asaf Jahi rule and the merger of the region with the newly-independent Indian union in 1948. This volume studies the rich history of this region in the context of events that were simultaneously transpiring in the rest of India. In doing so, it offers a critical, comprehensive understanding of the modern history of Telangana.