• Completely revised and updated in an easy-to-read format. • Reviews in-depth the fundamentals of both clinical and basic ophthalmic sciences. • The answers section has been expanded to provide answers with complete explanations. • New illustrations and images are included wherever required. • Intended as a general review for practicing ophthalmologists and optometrists. • Helps the students to prepare for primary and recertifying examinations in ophthalmology and optometry.