Biological resources – living organisms, cells, genes, and the related information – are the essential raw materials for the advancement of biotechnology. Biotechnology can be applied to study genetic diversity among plants, animals, microbes, bio-waste recycling, propagation and mass multiplication of threatened genetic resources, large-scale production of therapeutic substances, genetic transformation, cryopreservation, DNA banking, etc. The revolution in biotechnology has given us great scope not only to obtain but also to modify these biological resources for the benefit of mankind. This book which deals with 38 important chapters contributed by experts in various fields, has focused on bioresources and their conservation and management. The volume also includes topics in the field of plant and animal biotechnology, agriculture biotechnology, environmental, and microbial biotechnology. The unique contents of the book make it an important source of information for conservation scientists, academicians, activists and to those who are actively involved in product oriented research from bioresources. The present volume will be of use to researchers in the fields of antimicrobials particularly plant-based alternative medicines, enzymes, anticancer and anti-inflammatory molecules, medicinal significance of polyphenol containing fermented products, etc. This book may also be useful to the students pursuing advanced and specialized courses, teachers, scientists, industrialists, environmental lawyers, rural technologists and the other interested audiences in general. The book will provide readers an up-to-date knowledge on the biological utilization of resources for future progress.